The causal relation between external beam radiation and thyroid cancer is well known. However, there are few studies enlightening the real evolution of thyroid parenchyma changes along the years. The authors report 10 cases of childhood cancer survivors whose thyroid was direct or indirectly involved in the irradiation field. They have been followed since they finished their cancer treatments, taking into account their increased risk of thyroid nodes development and, subsequently, thyroid cancer. There are lacking adequate protocols to monitor patients in these conditions.
