Volatile human urinary metabolome and its potential to discriminate patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Authors and Affiliations:

Márcia Monteiro – REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal

Márcia Carvalho – REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CEBIMED, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal

Rui Henrique – Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Centro de Investigação do Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia - Porto, Rua Dr. Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

Carmen Jerónimo – Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Centro de Investigação do Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

Nathalie Moreira – REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Faculdade de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal

Maria de Lourdes Bastos – REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal

Paula Guedes de Pinho – REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal

Abstract:

A new and simple analytical approach consisting of headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) sampling coupled with gas chromatography-ion trap/mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) was developed to study the volatile human urinary metabolome. A central composite (CCD) was used in the optimisation of extraction conditions. Fibre selection and evaluation of pH influence were performed using an univariate mode and the influence of other parameters, such as the time and temperature of extraction, time of incubation and salt addition, that affect the efficiency of the SPME sampling, was carried out using a CCD. With a sample volume of 2 mL, the optimal conditions in terms of total response values and reproducibility were achieved by performing analyses with a divinylbenzene/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/PDMS) fibre, in an acidic pH (pH 2) with the addition of 0.59 g of NaCl, allowing the sample to equilibrate for 9 min and extracting at 68 ºC for 24 min. The applicability of the optimised method was then tested in a pilot non-target analysis of urine samples obtained from patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and healthy individuals. Chemometric unsupervised analyses performed on the volatile pattern acquired for these samples clearly showed the potential of volatile urinary metabolome to discriminate between RCC and control patients.

Journal:

European Journal of Cancer (EJC)

Link:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959804914005966