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Ionizing radiation modulates human macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype preserving their pro-invasive and pro-angiogenic capacities

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Ionizing radiation modulates human macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype preserving their pro-invasive and pro-angiogenic capacities

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Wednesday, 06.07.2016

Authors and Affiliations:

Teresa Pinto A1,2,3, Laranjeiro Pinto M1,2,4, Patrícia Cardoso A1,2,3, Monteiro C1,2, Teixeira Pinto M1,5, Filipe Maia A1,6, Castro P1,5, Figueira R7, Monteiro A7, Marques M7, Mareel M8, Dos Santos SG1,2,4, Seruca R1,5,9, Adolfo Barbosa M1,2,4, Rocha S10, José Oliveira M1,2,9.

1I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.

2INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.

3FEUP-Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.

4ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.

5IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.

6IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.

7Radiotherapy Service, Centro Hospitalar S. João, EPE, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal.

8Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.

9Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal.

10Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.

 

Abstract:

In order to improve the efficacy of conventional radiotherapy, attention has been paid to immune cells, which not only modulate cancer cell response to therapy but are also highly recruited to tumours after irradiation. Particularly, the effect of ionizing radiation on macrophages, using therapeutically relevant doses, is not well understood. To evaluate how radiotherapy affects macrophage behaviour and macrophage-mediated cancer cell activity, human monocyte derived-macrophages were subjected, for a week, to cumulative ionizing radiation doses, as used during cancer treatment (2 Gy/fraction/day). Irradiated macrophages remained viable and metabolically active, despite DNA damage. NF-kappaB transcription activation and increased Bcl-xL expression evidenced the promotion of pro-survival activity. A significant increase of pro-inflammatory macrophage markers CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR, but not CCR7, TNF and IL1B was observed after 10 Gy cumulative doses, while anti-inflammatory markers CD163, MRC1, VCAN and IL-10 expression decreased, suggesting the modulation towards a more pro-inflammatory phenotype. Moreover, ionizing radiation induced macrophage morphological alterations and increased their phagocytic rate, without affecting matrix metalloproteases (MMP)2 and MMP9 activity. Importantly, irradiated macrophages promoted cancer cell-invasion and cancer cell-induced angiogenesis. Our work highlights macrophage ability to sustain cancer cell activities as a major concern that needs to be addressed to improve radiotherapy efficacy.

 

 

Journal: Scientific Reports

 

Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4702523/

 

 

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